Ready-made business plans for breeding cows. How to organize a business for breeding bulls for meat? Stages of opening a farm

The content of the dairy cattle business plan:

1. Project Summary
2. Business characteristic.
3. Capital Raising Strategy.
4. Dairy farm construction project.
5. Market planning.
6. Production plan.
7. Organizational plan.
8. Calculation of income, expenses, financial results.
9. Project risk assessment.
10. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the dairy cattle project.

Why do you need a dairy cattle business plan?

1. To meaningfully demonstrate your ideas to representatives of creditors and investors and for them to decide on the allocation of funds to you.
2. To apply for support to government authorities.
3. For a clear vision of the goal and direction of the path for the implementation of the project.
4. To monitor the achievement of results.

An example of a dairy cattle business plan

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Standard	extended with financial calculations with Excel financial model	extended with adjustments
Standard business plan		Advanced dairy cattle business plan with full business analysis and financial plan for 5 years
		Detailed financial model of dairy cattle
	Break even point calculation	Analysis of profit and profitability in the context of individual business areas and products Analysis of business risks and margin of safety in terms of sales volume, cost and credit load Sales forecast quarterly for 5 years Cost forecast quarterly for 5 years Calculation of conditions for obtaining and repaying a loan Break even point calculation Statement of Cash Flow quarterly for 5 years Analysis of financial and investment indicators
		Adjustment of the business plan to your figures by our analysts within 5 working days
Business plan volume: 30 pages.	Business plan volume: 80 pages.	Business plan volume: 80 pages.
10 000 rub.	20 000 rub.	39 000 rub.

This kit is ideal for those who need a business plan to get a loan or attract investments.

Description

The extended business plan includes a dairy cattle financial model in Excel format.

The business plan was developed taking into account the practice of evaluating projects in Russian banks, as well as taking into account the requirements of investors and entrepreneurship support funds in the Russian Federation. It will allow justifying management decisions on investing in the creation and development of dairy cattle, predicting its financial results and assessing risks.

A full description of the business plan can be downloaded from the link:

Content

To view the content, download the file:

Tables and graphs

To get acquainted with the list of tables, graphs and diagrams, see the file:

Payment and delivery

You can pay in the following ways:

• Bank cards (Russia)
• Electronic money
• Terminals and communication salons
• Money transfers
• Bank cards (International)

Sending a business plan and financial model:

Sending is carried out within 24 hours after payment to your email address.

Business organization

Milk is the food product of the overwhelming majority of the population, as well as the basis for the preparation of a huge range of dairy and sour-milk products (cottage cheese, butter, cheese, yogurt, kefir, etc.). In this regard, the idea of ​​launching a dairy cattle project seems to be very reasonable and promising. To successfully implement your plan, you need a high-quality business plan for dairy cattle.

The main stages of the project implementation:

1. Raising funds for the dairy cattle project.
2. Dairy farm design.
3. Construction or reconstruction of an existing dairy farm.
4. Attracting buyers, concluding contracts for the supply of goods.
5. Hiring staff for the farm.
6. Purchase of equipment, inventory.
7. Acquisition of young animals and forage base.
8. Start of work and sales of products in a planned manner.

When organizing a farm for the production and sale of milk, it is very important to choose the right breeds of cows that will have the highest productivity. In the dairy cattle business plan, a detailed analysis of animal breeds is carried out to enable a full choice. The most productive cows are the Swedish Red, Kholmogorskaya, Black-and-White breeds. The average annual milk yield of cows of these breeds exceeds 6,000 liters (per 1 cow).

Market analysis and description of the dairy cattle project

Until recently, a paradoxical situation was developing on the market: a decrease in the number of cows and milk production against the backdrop of a very high demand for raw milk. Recently, the imbalance has begun to smooth out, but the reserves for entering the industry to capture its own niche are still large. Favorable factors for the development of steel production: special attention of the state to the industry and appropriate support for agricultural producers, as well as reduced competition from foreign milk producers.

Produced goods

Milk, in addition - meat, offal.

Potential clients

Dairy farm products will be in demand by milk processing enterprises and dairies. In the case of creating your own dairy plant on the basis of the farm, it is possible to work directly with retail chains and increase the profitability of the business.

Below are the calculations of the business plan for breeding dairy cattle for 500 heads.

The financial part of the dairy cattle business plan

Investments:

Attachments	Timing	Amount, thousand rubles
Registration and paperwork
Lease of a land plot (for the period of construction or reconstruction of a dairy cattle farm)
Design work
Construction or reconstruction of a dairy cattle farm
Heating, water supply, sewerage, electricity, etc.
Purchase of machinery and equipment for a cattle farm, installation
Purchase of young cattle (500 heads)
Obtaining permits
Feed base (for 3 months)
Other costs

Initial investments in the business will amount to about 75 million rubles.

Income:

The average revenue from the acquisition of young cows in the amount of 500 head will be about 70 - 80 million rubles annually.

Expenses:

Annual expenses - an average of 50 - 60 million rubles.

Profit, payback and profitability of the business:

The payback period of the project is about 3.5 years, the profit is more than 20 million rubles, and the profitability is 28%.

Conclusions:

Milk and dairy raw materials have always been and will be in demand by the consumer. Against the backdrop of the current market situation, the implementation of a project to launch a dairy farm is a promising and profitable line of business. However, in order to avoid mistakes at the stage of organizing a business and implement the plan as quickly as possible, one cannot do without a competent business plan.

Download a business plan template for dairy cattle breeding, and you will be able to:

• Independently calculate all business indicators, approaching the issues of setting input parameters for calculation in detail and substantively.
• Show the prepared business plan to interested persons and organizations, and receive funding, as well as material and non-material support from public authorities (grants, provision of land, etc.).

The dairy industry of the region, in relation to other sectors of the national economy, has one of the best "starting positions" today. Dairy products are a commodity that the population cannot do without under any circumstances, therefore, potentially, the dairy industry is one of the most sustainable sectors of the economy.

At the same time, in our region, as well as in Russia as a whole, there is a reduction in dairy production, dairy cattle breeding is not carried out efficiently. According to official statistics, the negative dynamics of milk production in the Tambov region has intensified since 2008. During this period, the volume of milk production in the region decreased by 18.89%, mainly due to a reduction in milk production in households. This reduction is due to the inability of many small producers to ensure that the milk produced meets the required quality parameters. The volume of milk production in 2015 for all categories of farms amounted to 219.7 thousand tons, which is 1.8% less than in 2014 and 38.48% less than the total demand of the region.

The lack of milk production in the region is compensated mainly by interregional imports and imports from the Republic of Belarus. The share of this source of formation of food resources in the group of milk and dairy products in the Tambov region is about 26%.

According to the research conducted by the Michurinsk Agrarian University, the level of providing the population with locally produced milk at the beginning of 2015 in the Tambov region, per 1 person, was only 52.65% of the recommended norm (according to experts, 340 kg / person per year) , or 179 kg. Thus, the lack of providing the population with their own dairy products is at the level of 47.35%.

Dairy cattle breeding as a business

According to experts, the production capacities of the dairy industry available in the region are capable of processing 89.3 thousand tons of milk, but their actual loading is 58.8 thousand tons, or 65.9%. Along with the insufficient number of dairy herds, the underutilization of production capacities is associated with the low marketability of milk produced in households, which leads to an increase in its use for livestock feed and other non-food purposes. Accordingly, no one deals with the breeding of dairy cattle. According to the analysis of the state of production of milk and dairy products, conducted by the Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, the share of industrial consumption of milk in the Tambov region is 20.7% of the gross volume of production. One of the main reasons for the low marketability of milk in the small-scale production sector is the use of low-productive livestock, especially in personal subsidiary plots of citizens. It should be noted that according to the Institute of Agricultural Marketing in 2014, the shortage of marketable milk in the region amounted to 56 thousand tons, or 25% of the total volume of milk produced.

The share of peasant farms accounts for 10.5% of the gross milk production in the region, the share of households accounts for 69% of production. Thus, 79.5% of milk is produced in the small commodity sector, and only 20.5% of regional production falls on the share of agricultural organizations.

The level of development of farms allows us to say about their high competitiveness in comparison with agricultural organizations and households. They show the highest level of productivity of cows, amounting to 4,471 kg. in year. At the same time, sales volumes of milk and dairy products reduce consumer demand, bringing the dairy segment into a promising business.

The advantage of farms over large corporate structures is the absence of an extra managerial apparatus, which allows them to establish effective management of small family dairy farms located on a cluster basis.

Based on the data on the structure of milk production in the Tambov region, it can be concluded that today farms are the most promising organizational form of milk production with a technologically efficient business plan.

The annual volume of milk production in the created farm is planned at the level of 76 tons, which will increase the production volume in the Umetsky district by 1.4% and, accordingly, increase the level of provision of the population with dairy products from local producers.

Based on the market analysis, the milk production segment in the Tambov region has a large capacity. The shortage of marketable milk production, as well as the underutilization of the processing capacities of the region, indicates a great demand for quality products planned for production in the peasant farm. The existing market capacity opens up potential prospects for confident development of the economy for business with a steady development of the economy - an increase in the milking herd of cattle, and, consequently, milk production.

READ MORE INFORMATION ABOUT POTATO FARMING IN THE SECTION DAIRY CATTLE

DOWNLOAD EXAMPLE OF BUSINESS PLAN "BEGINNING FARMER, CATTLE MEAT" WITH CALCULATIONS. (AUTHOR TAMBOV RICC APK)

To organize your own livestock business, a well-calculated farm business plan is of great importance. Of particular interest are the meat and dairy areas. At the same time, you can organize a small family business, in which there will be only about a dozen cows, or plan to organize a farm for 100 head of cattle or more. In both cases, you need to start with a clear thoughtful action for each specific project.

The Importance of Planning a Custom Business

Before opening any business, you need to think carefully about everything. At the planning stage, it is important to determine the priority tasks on which the success of the private economy directly depends. Creating a business plan for a farm should begin with determining the general direction, the format of a particular production.

Based on these indicators, it is necessary to study the market, pricing policy, possible competition, and establish preliminary contacts with potential buyers of manufactured products.

Among them, contacts with meat processing enterprises, dairies and leather dressing companies deserve special attention.

Having decided on the direction of activity, it is important to make calculations of the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe optimal territory for running a particular farm, equipment and building materials.

How to start your business in the countryside

Before organizing a livestock economy, it is important to assess your capabilities and the seriousness of your aspirations. In addition, you need to carefully consider the necessary equipment, calculate a detailed business plan for breeding cattle, which includes financial costs, payback time, and profit levels. It will be useful and necessary to study the basics of the production of meat, dairy products, and the technology of raising cattle. Only relying on proven knowledge, you can properly organize an effective business.

From the very beginning, the following steps should be taken:

• choose the right place for the construction of a barn;
• explore the possibilities of renting ready-made premises;
• purchase the necessary equipment;
• ensure that the temperature inside the wintering premises is not lower than 12 degrees Celsius;
• take care of the availability of the nearest summer pastures for livestock;
• form a productive herd;
• it is better to start with a small farm with a maximum of 50 heads, and then expand the scale of the business;
• a small dairy with a packaging line will become an important part of the dairy farm, the business plan of which is focused on the processing of its own products.

Actions and means to start your own livestock business

To start a business, you can rent a ready-made cowshed and the surrounding land. This will require some start-up capital. The state program of concessional lending can help a novice entrepreneur in organizing a farm for 50 heads of cattle.

After that, you should register entrepreneurship as a legal entity, open personal accounts to pay for communications. Before the cowsheds start working, it is necessary to pass an inspection by firefighters, the sanitary and epidemiological service, and veterinarians.

The economic activity of any enterprise is related to accounting, therefore, a livestock complex with a business development plan requires the work of a qualified accountant. In addition, an efficient farm, which seeks to expand sales markets, provides constant veterinary control. This facilitates the sale of meat and dairy products.

Productive production is impossible without the right technology. You will need a tractor with interchangeable attachments, cars that will deliver the products of the cattle farm to the points of sale. In addition, it is impossible to do without a sufficient number of agricultural tools, cans, milking machines.

Company registration, livestock breeding technology

It is necessary to register "LLC" or "IP" depending on the planned production volumes of meat and dairy products. To do this, an individual entrepreneur will need a photocopy of the passport, an identification code, an application certified by a notary, a receipt for payment of the state duty. In addition, you must provide the required OKVED codes ( 01.2 - animal husbandry).

After deciding to raise cattle, it is important to choose the most beneficial form of taxation. At the moment, you can work according to a simplified scheme (STS - 6% of gross income).

A successful business plan for cattle, which forms the basis of an individual farm, is better to focus on dairy and meat products at the same time. It should be borne in mind that each of these areas has its own unique features. Before opening a dairy farm, the best solution would be to establish cooperation with the nearest dairies. This will help ensure a constant supply of fresh produce. Over time, in order to expand the business, in addition to the dairy and meat areas, it is possible to develop the production of hides and wool in parallel.

The specifics of growing cattle for meat

Before registering a livestock business, you need to study the characteristics of the market in a particular region, the average prices for meat and milk. It is important to calculate the necessary costs. After that, based on the information received, you can try to predict the income of a particular farm.

Raising cattle for meat has its own specifics. It should be borne in mind that the organization of cutting carcasses and the manufacture of semi-finished products require obtaining permits from the sanitary and epidemiological service, the veterinary service, Rospotrebnadzor, and the state fire supervision.

On the other hand, it is not necessary to provide such papers to open a farm focused on the sale of bulls, cows, calves in live weight. Although this is an easier way to start a business, it is less profitable. Thus, when opening your own livestock business, it is important to take into account all the nuances.

Planning the profitability of the dairy business

The plan for breeding dairy cows also needs to be tied to profitability. The income from this business is determined by such factors as the productivity of the whole herd, production costs, milk purchase prices.

A business plan for a dairy farm can only be built taking into account specific data. For example, the profitability of this type of farm for 50 animals can be calculated according to the following scheme.

The average cow produces 5,000 liters of milk per year. Thus, from a whole herd, under favorable conditions, 250,000 liters can be expected. The wholesale price is within 20 rubles per liter.

To increase economic efficiency, it is possible to equip a processing plant, which will increase the added value of products by 40-50%. In this case, about 6,250,000 rubles will be obtained per year. By subtracting the necessary current expenses from this amount, you can get the value of net profit for the year and month, as well as calculate the payback time. For this, the investment amount is divided by the monthly profit.

You can learn more about the planning of two livestock breeding areas in the articles and.

Rent, repair, wages of workers

The calculated costs for rent, disinfection and repair of production, office, utility rooms are a mandatory expenditure part of the enterprise's budget. A large-scale business requires a full staff, but a small farm will require the hiring of certain people.

The initial organization of any business requires mandatory compliance with certain actions. Among them is an adequate assessment of one's own strengths and capabilities (breeding calves requires dedication and time). It is also important to take into account the conditions of the region, since the cultivation of large animals requires large areas. It is impossible to organize the process in an urban area.

When planning the supply of meat to catering facilities and shops, mandatory business registration will be required.

An important question on which the specifics of the case depends: “What does the farmer choose: the purchase of young animals or independent?”. Buying individuals eliminates a number of problems:

• acquisition of bull semen (or maintenance of a breeding bull);
• carrying out fertilization;
• organization of a separate building.

REFERENCE! In order for the bull to gain weight, optimal conditions should be created. Growth and development will depend on the amenities created.

Calves should only be kept in dry barns. The stalls should have a dense and reliable floor. Daily cleaning required. It is recommended to clean the floor with a hard brush, and in the warm season, rinse it with running water.

Case Features

The activity is specific. Calves need to be actively fed until a certain age, then slaughtered(or sell live weight). The peculiarity of the business is small investments.

The main difficulties are associated with the expenditure of time and effort to care for animals. There are usually no problems with the sale of meat products: a wide sales market allows you to quickly sell the finished product.

Among the features of keeping gobies are the following:

Is it profitable?

The period of growth of meat for slaughter is from 12 to 20 months. The average weight of one bull is 350 kg. The cost of meat and profit margins will depend on the conditions of each particular region. The case will fully pay off in 1-2 years. Work will generate income only with proper implementation. People who are not afraid of physical labor need to start such a business.

ADVICE! If you donate meat directly to shops or restaurants, then the income will be much higher than when selling to wholesalers.

Characteristics of a suitable site

The preferred area for growing beef bulls is a plot with a large and free area of ​​​​land. It can be a mini farm, an old cottage, a private courtyard. There must be a place for organizing a corral and walking livestock.

In summer, the animals will begin to actively gain weight - this will require daily walking (keeping in a stall will increase aggressiveness and cause illness). Near the barn there should be meadows or fields for grazing.

We equip the building

Area per head - 10 sq.m. (includes food storage). A brick or slab is suitable for building a barn (inexpensive, but high-quality material). From an economic point of view, it is more profitable to rent a ready-made complex with everything you need.

Bulls are clean animals, so the barn should be equipped so that it is easy to clean. Attention should also be paid to the selected area: water should not accumulate on it.

Barn organization

The characteristics of a suitable building are warm (not lower than 8 degrees), good ventilation and the possibility of ventilation. Under a categorical ban, drafts - they provoke diseases. With a herd size of more than 10 heads, it is better to automate the process of supplying water and feed.

It is important that the animals have constant free access to feeders and drinkers (but it is undesirable to put them on the floor, the optimal height is 8-10 cm from the floor level). To clean the air inside the building, farmers use ash - it absorbs ammonia and gases. You can pour it on the tracks or fall asleep in boxes.

How to choose animals?

When choosing a breed, you need to consider several important indicators:

• Live weight: whether the calf meets breed standards.
• The level of development, general physique, the presence of defects or shortcomings.
• Pedigree of the calf (mother's productivity and father's weight).

Purchase of young animals

When selecting individuals, attention should be paid to weight (optimum 90-100 kg) and age.

It is preferable to buy young animals on special farms that are engaged in breeding. You can also purchase calves from breeding breeders.

Dairy bulls have a low purchase price (up to 3 months they need to be fed with milk).

Common types

Some features of cultivation and the payback period depend on the breed. Farmers recommend buying fast-growing young animals, but do not forget about the taste characteristics of meat.

Before choosing a breed, you need to find out which individuals are suitable for keeping in the region of residence (expensive breeding bulls may not take root in a particular area). List of the best breeds:

1. charolais;
2. Kazakh white-headed;
3. Simmental;

Young animals must be kept separate from adult bulls (a separate barn must be built for calves). It is allowed to keep bulls with cows - so the temper of males will be more calm.

In summer, it is possible to keep gobies in the open, but the corrals will need to be additionally equipped with special plastic booths. Manure cleaning occurs 3 times a day, immediately after feeding.

IMPORTANT! The growth of the hoof horn should be controlled. 2 times a year you need to clear and trim the hooves.

The walking area should be fenced with the strongest possible materials. It is allowed to let adult bulls out into the street with a special stick and a leash. The stick is fixed in the nose ring of the individual. Simultaneous walking with females or young animals is not recommended.

Nutrition

In productive bulls, the meat index is not less than 70%. To achieve this result, you need to provide intensive feeding. You won’t achieve high performance with hay and juicy grasses: The following foods must be present in the diet:

The addition of concentrates will make it possible to replenish the supply of vitamins and trace elements in the body. The basis of the diet in winter is hay, mixed fodder and root crops. In summer, the main product is juicy and fresh grass. Individuals must spend at least 15 hours on the pasture.

About reproduction

How to breed bulls? A breeding bull fertilizes up to 50 cows per year. You can keep it in your own household or use the services (manual mating - a cow is led to the bull). When mating heterogeneous individuals, crossing or crossbreeding occurs. Among natural breeding technologies:

1. manual (mating under control);
2. cooking method;
3. free method.

Note! Today, methods of natural reproduction are practically not used.

Business

Selling meat is a profitable business that will provide a stable income. The main business model is to rent a plot and buy young animals, grow them and then sell them.

For payback, the number of herds should not be less than 10 goals. It is especially important to create suitable housing conditions and maintain a balanced diet for animals. Up to 15 heads can be handled on their own, over 15 - hired personnel will be required.

Do you need clearance?

Business registration is a prerequisite for sales and deliveries. The farmer becomes an individual entrepreneur and receives the appropriate quality certificates. Several other options are suitable for registration:

1. personal economy (does not apply to entrepreneurial business);
2. peasant-farm plot (requires the involvement of partners).

Recruiting staff

As assistants, you need to choose people who know how and love to follow the animals. It is also important to pay attention to personal qualities (responsibility, discipline).

For a livestock of 20 bulls, 2-3 helpers are enough. Be sure to have a veterinarian on staff. This may be a permanent position or an invited specialist.

Quantitative indicators: spending and profit

The initial costs go to the arrangement of the barn, the purchase of young animals and the purchase of a forage base. On average, it will take up to 500 thousand rubles to open a farm and form a herd of 20 heads.

Feed costs will be up to 20 thousand per year per 1 bull. Later, additional expenses will appear: a mini-tractor, a refrigerator, automatic feeders.

Attention! The initial investment will pay off in 16-18 months. The average amount of net profit is from 400 thousand per year.

Making a plan

The document contains the goal, directions of activity, calculation of costs and profits. The business plan for raising bulls for meat, breeding and maintaining a herd of 20 heads includes the following costs:

• Buying young.
• Rent and subsequent arrangement of the barn.
• Veterinary control and purchase of feed.

Is it profitable to breed gobies for meat? Based on current prices, revenues are calculated. The estimated amount and period of partial and full payback must be included in the business strategy.

Raising calves for meat is a cost-effective undertaking. Remember that such activities require time, cost and physical effort. With proper organization and reasonable distribution of processes, you can establish a client base and get a stable profit.

Useful video

Watch a video about raising bulls for meat:

Breeding cattle (cattle) is one of the most ancient occupations of man. Today, like hundreds of years ago, it can become profitable and bring a good income, if you approach it wisely. It is no coincidence that the people have always called the cow the “nurse”.

The cattle breeding business involves working not only with cows, but also with buffaloes, yaks, etc., however, in Russia it is more profitable and more familiar to breed cows and bulls. Their meat and dairy products will be easier to sell.

Where to start?

When dealing with cows, you will have to regularly resort to the services of a veterinarian, even if the livestock is completely healthy. According to Russian law, there are a number of mandatory annual vaccinations against certain severe or rapidly spreading diseases: mad cow disease, rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, leptospirosis, and so on.

In addition, the veterinarian will issue animal health certificates, which will be needed for the sale of meat and milk. So, get to know the veterinarian you will see regularly. Next, you need to calculate the initial investment and proceed to purchases.

When buying cattle, be sure to ask for a certificate from the veterinarian that each animal is healthy.

barn construction

First you need to build a cowshed. It should be a thoughtful, well-planned building. The barn must be warm. This does not mean that it must be heated, not at all. The main thing is that there are no cracks and holes that result in a draft.

In temperate and northern latitudes, winters are very frosty. If you want to get maximum milk yield and growth, it is better to provide heating during this period, at least in a calf barn. Most cows are hid in the spring, leaving the herd after wintering, so calving, as a rule, occurs in the winter months.

The room should have opening windows, as good lighting and sufficient ventilation are required in the warm season. It is necessary to make a wide entrance. When the cow is in position, her sides become very wide. In addition, when walking, it sways, so the optimal width of the opening is 1.5 m.

The barn can be simple or automated, but in any case it must be warm and contain plumbing, sewer drains, separate stalls with feeders and drinkers.

Next, you need to provide drain channels for draining the liquid. The general drain should go beyond the barn, do it at a slope. If you do not want the presence of a heavy smell, equip concrete cesspools with hatches. Each unit of cattle should have its own place with a feed sector and a drinker. It is advisable to separate the stalls with a structure of welded pipes, since the cows are not always friendly to each other, and we do not need fights in the barn.

Purchase of livestock

This is a very important step in setting up a farm: what kind of cows and bulls you buy will determine the profitability of your business. In Russia, there are both purely thoroughbred animals and half-breeds, and often with incest. It is useless to expect large milk yields and gains from such specimens. It is better to purchase animals in nurseries or on large farms, where the purity of the breed is closely monitored.

When purchasing cattle, there are two options: buy adult (but not old) cows or buy young animals and raise them yourself. The second option is fraught with great risk, since not every heifer subsequently becomes a good dairy or beef cow. In addition, the results from it will have to wait at least a year.

When selling cattle, you can slip an old cow. The life expectancy of cows is 16-20 years. At the same time, a large amount of milk with good care can be obtained only at the age of 3 to 13 years. A cow can have 11-12 calvings in her life. Calves are born annually. The gestation period is 9 months.

The cow gives the maximum amount of milk at the age of 4-8 years, starting from the 3rd calving. Milk appears after the first calving. It is more profitable and reliable to take young cows that have already calved at least 1 time.

After the cow stops calving, her milk disappears, and she becomes useless in terms of obtaining products. Such pensioners are sent for sausage, as their meat is already quite tough. In order not to buy an old cow, pay attention to her horns. Every year a new headband appears on them. They are visible in shape and different shades. If there are a lot of rims, then the cow is no longer young. Their optimal number is 3-6 pieces, no more.

Investment size

Investments, like the farm itself, can be different. It depends on the number and breed of livestock, the size and degree of automation of the barn, the availability of an agricultural base for growing feed, and many other nuances. To get an idea of ​​the investment in cattle breeding, let's take a certain type of farm, with an initial number of 10 animals with completely purchased feed (without own cultivation).

The cost of a young dairy cow varies from 30,000 rubles to 50,000 € (Dutch dairy breeds). If purchased in Russian nurseries, the average price is 50,000 rubles. Thus, we will need 500,000 rubles to buy cows. Buying food also varies depending on the time of year. In winter, in addition to compound feed, hay is required. In autumn, feed can be replaced with vegetables and fruits.

On average, one cow when walking on pasture requires a bucket of vegetables or 1/3 bucket of top dressing. If the grass is juicy, grows abundantly, top dressing can be halved. The cost of building a barn depends on the selected building materials, the nuances of architecture and interior design. For the first time, you can completely get by with a small building.

So, in total, at least 1,000,000 rubles will have to be paid for the barn, cows and initial feed. Let's add to this inventory and wages for employees who will need an advance payment already in the first month.

Step-by-step instruction

So, having decided to choose cattle breeding as your business, be patient and diligent. Working with animals requires a reasonable attitude and self-confidence. Even if you only saw cows on TV or on your way to a picnic, this craft can be learned pretty quickly. To get started you will need:

• Cowshed.
• Animals.
• Elementary equipment: vegetable cutter, grain crusher, separator, milking machines.
• Stern.
• Inventory (buckets, flasks).
• Livestock inspection by a veterinarian.
• Registration with the administration of the rural settlement.
• Opening a sole proprietorship or farming.
• hired workers.

As you can see, there is nothing complicated. If you buy cattle already at a productive age, you can make a profit almost immediately by selling dairy products.

Sales of products

The first products from cows have been received, it's time to think about how to sell them. There are many types of cattle products. Here you need to decide which is more profitable. For the manufacture of each product will require its own small production or certain equipment. For example, to make cream and cottage cheese from milk, you need a separator. For the manufacture of stew, a canning line is needed.

You can start selling milk and meat in its pure form, if the capital is not too large. It is not as profitable, but it will require less investment. Processing facilities can be equipped later. Ways to sell products:

1. City or village market.
2. Catering establishments.
3. The shops.
4. Own outlets.
5. Dairies, meat processing plants.
6. Institutions and enterprises using meat and dairy products.

Each of these methods has its pros and cons. For different types of sales, certain additional items of expenses will be required, as well as the execution of special documents. For example, for sale in your own stall or store, you will have to open it with a full set of documents and change the form of tax reporting accordingly. As a farmer or individual entrepreneur under the simplified taxation system, you will no longer pass.

To sell products, certificates from a veterinarian and a conclusion from a laboratory on the quality and suitability of dairy and meat products are required.

The easiest way is to donate milk or meat to factories. All you need is a health certificate for the animal. Laboratory studies of product quality are carried out at the enterprises themselves. The cost of sales will be several times less than with other methods of sale, but you can deliver any amount of milk and meat to the enterprise.

The choice of location for your farm must be justified. It is necessary that there are convenient transport links, that is, the places for the sale of meat and dairy products are close and easily accessible. Otherwise, it is necessary to purchase special equipment with a refrigerator, since the products are perishable. For customers to like your products, they must be exceptionally fresh.

As mentioned earlier, a close location of the veterinary service is necessary. Calling a doctor from afar will bring additional costs. In addition, in case of illness of livestock, his help may be late. Within a radius of 10 km there should be an equipped cattle burial ground. An important aspect is the presence of meadows and reservoirs in the selected area so that the animals can eat and drink freely.

As a rule, all these conditions are created in medium and large villages of regional centers, where the local population is engaged in cattle breeding. There is also a common herd, where you can drive out your livestock. It is not worth setting up a farm on the outskirts of the city. There will be problems with grazing, polluted ecology (strongly affects the health of cows) and residents of neighboring houses.

Documentation

Opening the status of an individual entrepreneur or a farmer at the stage of setting up a farm is unprofitable, since there is no profit yet. The exception is cases with the use of subsidies from the state:

• To open a small business for breeding cattle. 60,000 rubles are given once and the same amount for each registered employee. You need to provide a business plan and have a ready barn.
• To support farming. Up to 1,500,000 rubles are issued depending on the volume of an existing agricultural enterprise or upon opening a farm.

In the first 12 months, with income not exceeding 40,000 rubles, you do not need to pay tax. The tax liability is considered "deferred" in accordance with Art. 256 (clause 1) of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation.

When registering any of these small business statuses, at the first stage it is more expedient to switch to taxation of a simplified form.

With the further development of the business, both processing industries and trading enterprises will be added to the breeding of cattle. Tax reporting will be somewhat different. This can be the ESHN (single agricultural tax) or the form of the simplified tax system (income minus expenses).